RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a vital biological macromolecule found in all living organisms. RNA is the second important nucleic acid. RNA is a complicated, high-molecular-weight molecule. Ribonucleic acid is a polymeric molecule that plays important functions in gene coding, decoding, regulation, and expression. It is a single-stranded structure containing sugar named Ribose sugar. And the first important nucleic acid is DNA. And to know some interesting facts about DNA check this blog out.
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Structure of RNA: The principal role of RNA is to convert the information present in DNA into proteins. RNA is also involved in a variety of biological activities, including cell division, differentiation, and growth, as well as cell aging and death.
Ribonucleic acid,
it's slightly different,
RNA is what they call it
It has a protein-making permit.
DNA has two strands
RNA has one,
The RNA strand comes from DNA
making it the center of this poem.
Transcription takes place in the nucleus
it uses mRNA in the process,
Translation takes place in the ribosomes
They are the tRNA's home.
The genes contained in the form of DNA engage in the functioning of cells and so govern the structure and function of the body with the aid of RNA. The DNA stores information on protein synthesis, and the body requires the synthesis of suitable proteins as needed. DNA and RNA work together to make these proteins. This is known as 'Central dogma.' RNA is made of sugar (ribose), phosphate, backbone, and 4 types of nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil). RNA is made up of strands of ribose nucleotides (nitrogenous bases linked to a ribose sugar) connected by phosphodiester linkages. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, which substitute thymine in DNA, are nitrogenous bases in RNA.
The primary distinction between DNA and RNA is that DNA is double-stranded, whereas RNA is single-stranded. DNA is in charge of transmitting genetic information, whereas RNA is in charge of transmitting genetic instructions that are required for protein production. Because DNA utilizes the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, whereas RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine, the base pairing is slightly different. Uracil is distinguished from thymine by the absence of a methyl group on its ring.
A ribose sugar, phosphate molecule, and one of the nitrogenous bases combine to produce a nucleotide, which is the smallest unit of the RNA molecule's chain. About 5% of the weight of a human cell is RNA. Only about 1% of a cell consists of DNA. RNA is found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of humans cells. RNA also plays an important role in regulating cellular processes–from cell division, differentiation, and growth to cell aging and death.
Discovery: Friedrich Miescher discovered nucleic acids in 1868 and named the substance 'nuclein' since it was found in the nucleus.
Types of RNA:
1. mRNA (Messenger RNA): The RNA molecule that carries the information of protein synthesis from genes i.e. DNA chain in the cell nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm which produce the proteins, is called messenger RNA.
2. rRNA (Ribosomal RNA): The molecule of RNA which is a component of the ribosome organelle is called ribosomal RNA. Ribosomes perform the function of protein synthesis.
3. tRNA (Transfer RNA): The RNA molecule which, according to the message of the mRNA carries the amino acid up to the ribosomes is called transfer RNA.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules deliver amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis; messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules constitute the core of a cell's ribosomes (the structures in which protein synthesis takes place).
