Brain(Structure, Function, Parts and disorders)
The brain is a three-pound organ that regulates all bodily processes, analyses information from the outside world, and embodies the mind and soul's essence. The brain controls many things, including intelligence, creativity, emotion, and memory. The brain of an adult human weighs about 1300-1400 grams and consists of approximately 100 billion neurons. The cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem are the parts of the brain that are protected within the skull.
The forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain are the three main units that make up the brain. The top section of the spinal cord, the brain stem, and a wrinkled ball of tissue called the cerebellum make up the hindbrain.
1. Cerebrum: This is the largest part of our brain and consists of two cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum is split into two hemispheres: left and right. The corpus callosum nerve fibers link the two sides. These hemispheres are joined with each other with the help of tough fibers.
2. Cerebellum: Underneath the cerebrum is the cerebellum. Its job is to keep muscle motions coordinated, maintain posture, and maintain balance.
3. Brainstem: The cerebrum and cerebellum are connected to the spinal cord through the brainstem, which serves as a relay center. Breathing, heart rate, body temperature, waking and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing are all autonomic activities.
Our five senses - sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing - all provide information to the brain at the same time. It assembles the signals in a fashion that makes sense to us, and it can store the data in our memory. Our ideas, memory, and speech, as well as arm and leg movement, are all controlled by the brain.
The left side of our brain controls the right side of our body and the right side of our brain controls the left side of the body. In addition, the left side of the brain controls our speech and conversation, writing, logical thinking, etc. whereas the right side controls artistic abilities. Speech, understanding, mathematics, and writing are all controlled by the left hemisphere. Creativity, spatial ability, creativity, and musical abilities are all controlled by the right hemisphere. In roughly 92 percent of adults, the left hemisphere is dominant in hand usage and speaking.
4. Medulla Oblongata: This is the hind-most part of the brain. There are two triangular swollen structures called pyramids on the upper side of the medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata continues downwards as the spinal cord.
What is the Central nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord make up the CNS, which is the body's processing center. Three layers of membranes known as meninges cover both of these organs. The brain is enclosed within the hard bones of the skull for added protection, while the spinal cord is shielded by the bony vertebrae of our backbones. The third line of defense is cerebrospinal fluid, which acts as a buffer.
5. Spinal cord: The spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system and is held within the vertebral column. It is slightly thick but gradually tapers towards the end.
Fissures go through the cerebral hemispheres, dividing the brain into lobes. There are four lobes in each hemisphere: frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital. Each lobe can be subdivided into regions that fulfill extremely specialized roles once again. It's critical to realize that each lobe of the brain does not work independently. The connections between the brain's lobes are extremely complicated.
The brain is one of the body's biggest and most complicated organs. It is made up of about 100 billion nerves that communicate with each other via trillions of synapses. The brain is made up of a number of specialized regions that collaborate: • The cortex is the brain's outermost layer.
Disorders of the brain:
1. Alzheimer's Disease: A illness that causes memory loss and other mental processes to deteriorate over time. Memory and other essential mental processes are gradually lost when brain cell connections and cells deteriorate and die. The primary symptoms are memory loss and confusion. Although there is no cure, medicines and management methods may help to alleviate symptoms temporarily.
2. Dementias: A set of mental and social symptoms that makes it difficult to operate on a daily basis. Dementia is a term used to describe a collection of diseases in which at least two brain functions, such as memory and judgment, are impaired. Forgetfulness, poor social skills, and mental abilities so degraded that everyday functioning is hampered are all symptoms. Medication and treatments may be of assistance.
3. Brain Cancer: A malignant or non-cancerous tumor in the brain, or aberrant cell proliferation. Tumors in the brain can develop, or cancer from another part of the body can travel to the brain. New or worsening headaches, impaired vision, loss of balance, disorientation, and seizures are some of the symptoms. There may be no symptoms in certain situations. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are all options for treatment.
